Dr Adrian Clark

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Email
alien@essex.ac.uk -
Telephone
+44 (0) 1206 872432
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Location
1NW.3.24, Colchester Campus
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Academic support hours
Spring term 2023-24: Thursdays 09:00-11:00 It's a good idea to email me first as I often end up going to a software lab to help people with their problems.
Profile
Biography
Member of the Robotics Research Group
Research and professional activities
Research interests
Computer vision
virtual and augmented reality
genetic programming
remote sensing
unmanned autonomous vehicles (UAVs)
Teaching and supervision
Current teaching responsibilities
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Team Project Challenge (CE101)
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Operating Systems (CE222)
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Computer Vision (CE316)
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Computer Vision (CE866)
Current supervision
Previous supervision

Degree subject: Computer Science
Degree type: Doctor of Philosophy
Awarded date: 2/4/2024

Degree subject: Computer Science
Degree type: Doctor of Philosophy
Awarded date: 19/3/2021

Degree subject: Computer Science
Degree type: Doctor of Philosophy
Awarded date: 31/3/2020

Degree subject: Computer Science
Degree type: Master of Science (by Dissertation)
Awarded date: 30/9/2019

Degree subject: Computer Science
Degree type: Doctor of Philosophy
Awarded date: 8/12/2017

Degree subject: Computing and Electronic Systems
Degree type: Doctor of Philosophy
Awarded date: 7/5/2015

Degree subject: Computing and Electronic Systems
Degree type: Doctor of Philosophy
Awarded date: 17/1/2014

Degree subject: Computer Science
Degree type: Doctor of Philosophy
Awarded date: 7/10/2013
Publications
Journal articles (45)
Bostanci, E., Bostanci, B., Kanwal, N. and Clark, AF., (2018). . Soft Computing. 22 (8), 2619-2632
Anjum, F., Kanwal, N., Clark, AF. and Bostanci, E., (2018). Statistical evaluation of corner detectors: does the statistical test have an effect?. IET Computer Vision. 12 (7), 1018-1030
Kanwal, N., Bostanci, E. and Clark, AF., (2016). . Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision. 55 (3), 378-400
Ehsan, S., Clark, A., Leonardis, A., ur Rehman, N., Khaliq, A., Fasli, M. and McDonald-Maier, K., (2016). . Remote Sensing. 8 (11), 928-928
Kanwal, N., Bostanci, E., Currie, K. and Clark, AF., (2015). . Applied Bionics and Biomechanics. 2015, 1-16
Bostanci, E., Kanwal, N. and Clark, AF., (2015). . Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences. 5 (1)
Ehsan, S., Clark, AF., Naveed ur Rehman and McDonald-Maier, KD., (2015). . Sensors. 15 (7), 16804-16830
Kanwal, N., Bostanci, E. and Clark, AF., (2014). . IET Computer Vision. 8 (3), 245-253
Bostanci, E., Kanwal, N. and Clark, AF., (2014). . IEEE Transactions on Image Processing. 23 (1), 153-162
Bostanci, E., Kanwal, N., Ehsan, S. and Clark, AF., (2013). . International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering. 5 (1), 93-98
Ehsan, S., Clark, A. and McDonald-Maier, K., (2013). . Sensors. 13 (8), 10876-10907
Ehsan, S., Kanwal, N., Clark, AF. and McDonald-Maier, KD., (2012). . IEEE Transactions on Image Processing. 21 (1), 297-304
Kanwal, N., Bostanci, E. and Clark, AF., (2012). . Electronics Letters. 48 (4), 209-210
Ehsan, S., Kanwal, N., Clark, AF. and McDonald-Maier, KD., (2010). . Electronics Letters. 46 (14), 998-998
Thacker, NA., Clark, AF., Barron, JL., Ross Beveridge, J., Courtney, P., Crum, WR., Ramesh, V. and Clark, C., (2008). . Computer Vision and Image Understanding. 109 (3), 305-334
Johnston, DJ., Fleury, M., Downton, AC. and Clark, AF., (2005). Real-time positioning for augmented reality on a custom parallel machine. Image and Vision Computing. 23 (3), 271-286
Fleury, M., Clark, AF. and Downton, AC., (2001). Evaluating optical-flow algorithms on a parallel machine. Image and Vision Computing. 19 (3), 131-143
Fleury, M., Downton, AC. and Clark, AF., (2000). Karhunen-Loève transform: An exercise in simple image-processing parallel pipelines. Computers and Artificial Intelligence. 19 (1), 19-36
Fleury, M., Downton, AC. and Clark, AF., (2000). Pipelined parallelisation of automatic face inspection. Machine Vision and Applications. 12 (4), 203-211
Clark, AF., Downton, AC. and Fleury, M., (2000). Performance metrics for embedded parallel pipelines. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems. 11 (11), 1164-1185
Newman, NJ. and Clark, AF., (2000). Contextual wearable interfaces. IEE Colloquium (Digest) (145)
Johnston, DJ. and Clark, AF., (2000). Position determination for wearables. IEE Colloquium (Digest) (145)
Fleury, M., Downton, AC. and Clark, AF., (2000). Analysis, Prediction, Template Toolkit (APTT) for object-based computation. IEE Proceedings - Software. 147 (2), 37-37
Fleury, M., Sarvan, N., Downton, AC. and Clark, AF., (1999). Methodology and tools for system analysis of parallel pipelines. Concurrency: Practice and Experience. 11 (11), 655-670
Fleury, M., Downton, AC. and Clark, AF., (1999). Constructing generic data-farm templates. Concurrency: Practice and Experience. 11 (9), 509-528
Al-Qayedi, A. and Clark, AF., (1999). Hybrid semantic and codebook mouth animation schemefor model-based coded video. Electronics Letters. 35 (10), 805-806
Fleury, M., Downton, AC. and Clark, AF., (1999). Scheduling schemes for data farming. IEE Proceedings - Computers and Digital Techniques. 146 (5), 227-227
FLEURY, M., HAYAT, L. and CLARK, AF., (1998). Parallel reconfiguration in an image-processing context. Concurrency: Practice and Experience. 10 (4), 249-263
Fleury, M. and Clark, AF., (1998). Parallelising a set of 2-D frequency transforms in a flexible manner. IEE Proceedings - Vision, Image, and Signal Processing. 145 (1), 65-65
Clark, C. and Clark, AF., (1998). Spectral identification by singular value decomposition. International Journal of Remote Sensing. 19 (12), 2317-2329
Fleury, M., Downton, AC. and Clark, AF., (1998). Confidence testing optical-flow estimates. Electronics Letters. 34 (5), 446-447
Fleury, M., Downton, AC. and Clark, AF., (1998). Co-design by parallel prototyping: Optical-flow detection case study. IEE Colloquium (Digest) (197)
Fleury, M. and Clark, AF., (1997). Sampling concerns in scanline algorithms. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging. 16 (3), 349-361
Fleury, M., Downton, AC. and Clark, AF., (1997). Modelling pipelines for embedded parallel processorsystem design. Electronics Letters. 33 (22), 1852-1853
Sava, H., Fleury, M., Downton, AC. and Clark, AF., (1997). Parallel pipeline implementation of wavelet transforms. IEE Proceedings - Vision, Image, and Signal Processing. 144 (6), 355-355
Fleury, M., Downton, AC., Clark, AF. and Sava, HP., (1997). Design of a clock synchronisation sub-system for parallel embedded systems. IEE Proceedings - Computers and Digital Techniques. 144 (2), 65-65
Courtney, P., Thacker, N. and Clark, AF., (1997). Algorithmic modelling for performance evaluation. Machine Vision and Applications. 9 (5-6), 219-228
Clark, C. and Clark, AF., (1997). Pattern recognition through optimization: Experiments with spectrometer data. IEE Colloquium (Digest) (18)
Ieury, MF., Downton, AC., Clark, AF. and Sava, HP., (1997). Design of a clock synchronisation sub-system for parallel embedded systems. IEE Proceedings: Computers and Digital Techniques. 144 (2), 57-64
Fleury, M., Hayat, L. and Clark, AF., (1996). Parallel entropic auto-thresholding. Image and Vision Computing. 14 (4), 247-263
Fleury, M., Hayat, L. and Clark, AF., (1996). Evaluating the performance of parallel programs in a distributed environment. IEE Proceedings - Computers and Digital Techniques. 143 (2), 97-97
Hayat, L., Fleury, M. and Clark, AF., (1996). Candidate Functions for a Parallel Multi-level Thresholding Technique. Graphical Models and Image Processing. 58 (4), 360-381
Hayat, L., (1995). Two-dimensional median filter algorithm for parallel reconfigurable computers. IEE Proceedings - Vision, Image, and Signal Processing. 142 (6), 345-345
Fleury, M., (1995). Parallelising grey-scale coordinate transforms. IEE Proceedings - Vision, Image, and Signal Processing. 142 (4), 207-207
Chowdhury, MF., Clark, AF., Downton, AC., Morimatsu, E. and Pearson, DE., (1994). A switched model-based coder for video signals. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology. 4 (3), 216-227
Book chapters (2)
Bostanci, E., Kanwal, N. and Clark, AF., (2015). Augmented reality for cultural heritage using vision-based user tracking: A fusion approach. In: Augmented Reality: Developments, Technologies and Applications. 109- 158
Kanwal, N., Ehsan, S. and Clark, AF., (2011). . In: Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns. Editors: Real, P., Diaz-Pernil, D., Molina-Abril, H., Berciano, A. and Kropatsch, W., . Springer. 429- 436. 978-3-642-23677-8
Conferences (82)
Al-Taie, I., Clark, A. and Azeez, N., Similarity Measures and the Performance of Biometric Systems
Al-Taie, I., Clark, A. and Azeez, N., Improving The Viola-Jones Face Detection Performance by Using The Brightness Channel in HSV and HLS Colour Spaces
Clark, A., Machine learning cannot do everything! (invited talk)
Rob Mahid, MM., Clark, AF., Woods, JC., Zhai, X. and Brennan, J., (2024).
Garcia Seco De Herrera, A., Ionescu, B., Müller, H., Péteri, R., Ben Abacha, A., Friedrich, CM., Rückert, J., Bloch, L., Brüngel, R., Idrissi-Yaghir, A., Schäfer, H., Kozlovski, S., Dicente Cid, Y., Kovalev, V., Chamberlain, J., Clark, A., Campello, A., Schindler, H., Deshayes, J., Popescu, A., S¸tefan, L-D., Constantin, MG. and Dogariu, M., (2022).
Chamberlain, J., Garcia Seco De Herrera, A., Campello, A. and Clark, A., (2022).
Ionescu, B., Müller, H., Péteri, R., Rückert, J., Abacha, AB., GARCIA SECO DE HERRERA, A., Friedrich, CM., Bloch, L., Brüngel, R., Idrissi-Yaghir, A., Schäfer, H., Kozlovski, S., Cid, YD., Kovalev, V., Ştefan, L-D., Constantin, MG., Dogariu, M., Popescu, A., Deshayes-Chossart, J., Schindler, H., Chamberlain, J., Campello, A. and Clark, A., (2022).
Ionescu, B., Müller, H., Péteri, R., Ben Abacha, A., Demner-Fushman, D., Hasan, SA., Sarrouti, M., Pelka, O., Friedrich, C., Garcia Seco De Herrera, A., Jacutprakart, J., Kovalev, V., Kozlovski, S., Liauchuk, V., Dicente Cid, Y., Chamberlain, J., Clark, A., Campello, A., Moustahfid, H., Oliver, T., Schulz, A., Brie, P., Berari, R., Fichou, D., Tautenau, A., Dogariu, M., Stefan, LD., Constantin, MG., Deshayes, J. and Popescu, A., (2021).
Chamberlain, J., Garcia Seco De Herrera, A., Campello, A., Clark, A., Oliver, TA. and Moustahfid, H., (2021).
Ionescu, B., Müller, H., Péteri, R., Abacha, AB., Sarrouti, M., Demner-Fushman, D., Hasan, SA., Kozlovski, S., Liauchuk, V., Cid, YD., Kovalev, V., Pelka, O., Garcia Seco De Herrera, A., Jacutprakart, J., Friedrich, CM., Berari, R., Tauteanu, A., Fichou, D., Brie, P., Dogariu, M., Ştefan, LD., Constantin, MG., Chamberlain, J., Campello, A., Clark, A., Oliver, TA., Moustahfid, H., Popescu, A. and Deshayes-Chossart, J., (2021).
Azeez, N., Yahya, W., Al-Taie, I., Basbrain, A. and Clark, A., (2020). Regional Agricultural Land Classification Based on Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree, and SVMs Techniques
Ionescu, B., Müller, H., Péteri, R., Dang-Nguyen, D-T., Zhou, L., Piras, L., Riegler, M., Halvorsen, P., Tran, M-T., Lux, M., Gurrin, C., Chamberlain, J., Clark, A., Campello, A., Garcia Seco De Herrera, A., Ben Abacha, A., Datla, V., A. Hasan, S., Liu, J., Demner-Fushman, D., Obioma, P., Friedrich, CM., Dicente Cid, Y., Kozlovski, S., Liauchuk, V., Kovalev, V., Berari, R., Brie, P., Fichou, D., Dogariu, M., Daniel Stefan, L. and Constantin, MG., (2020).
Ionescu, B., Müller, H., Péteri, R., Abacha, AB., Datla, V., Hasan, SA., Demner-Fushman, D., Kozlovski, S., Liauchuk, V., Cid, YD., Kovalev, V., Pelka, O., Friedrich, CM., GarcÃa Seco de Herrera, A., Ninh, V-T., Le, T-K., Zhou, L., Piras, L., Riegler, M., Halvorsen, P., Tran, M-T., Lux, M., Gurrin, C., Dang-Nguyen, D-T., Chamberlain, J., Clark, A., Campello, A., Fichou, D., Berari, R., Brie, P., Dogariu, M., Åžtefan, LD. and Constantin, MG., (2020).
Ionescu, B., Müller, H., Péteri, R., Abacha, AB., Datla, V., Hasan, SA., Demner-Fushman, D., Kozlovski, S., Liauchuk, V., Cid, YD., Kovalev, V., Pelka, O., Friedrich, CM., Garcia Seco De Herrera, A., Ninh, V-T., Le, T-K., Zhou, L., Piras, L., Riegler, M., Halvorsen, PL., Tran, M-T., Lux, M., Gurrin, C., Dang-Nguyen, D-T., Chamberlain, J., Clark, A., Campello, A., Fichou, D., Berari, R., Brie, P., Dogariu, M., Stefan, LD. and Constantin, MG., (2020).
Chamberlain, J., Campello, A., Wright, JP., Clift, LG., Clark, A. and GarcÃa Seco de Herrera, A., (2020).
Ionescu, B., Müller, H., Péteri, R., Dang-Nguyen, D-T., Piras, L., Riegler, M., Tran, M-T., Lux, M., Gurrin, C., Cid, YD., Liauchuk, V., Kovalev, V., Ben Abacha, A., Hasan, SA., Datla, V., Liu, J., Demner-Fushman, D., Pelka, O., Friedrich, CM., Chamberlain, J., Clark, A., Garcia Seco De Herrera, A., Garcia, N., Kavallieratou, E., del Blanco, CR., RodrÃguez, CC., Vasillopoulos, N. and Karampidis, K., (2019).
Chamberlain, J., Campello, A., Wright, J., Clift, L., Clark, A. and Seco De Herrera, AG., (2019).
Ionescu, B., Müller, H., Péteri, R., Cid, YD., Liauchuk, V., Kovalev, V., Klimuk, D., Tarasau, A., Abacha, AB., Hasan, SA., Datla, V., Liu, J., Demner-Fushman, D., Dang-Nguyen, D-T., Piras, L., Riegler, M., Tran, M-T., Lux, M., Gurrin, C., Pelka, O., Friedrich, CM., Garcia Seco De Herrera, A., Garcia, N., Kavallieratou, E., del Blanco, CR., Cuevas, C., Vasillopoulos, N., Karampidis, K., Chamberlain, J., Clark, A. and Campello, A., (2019).
Steffens, A., Campello, A., Ravenscroft, J., Clark, A. and Hagras, H., (2019). Deep segmentation: Using deep convolutional networks for coral reef pixel-wise parsing
Al-Taie, I., Azeez, N., Yahya, W., Basbrain, A. and Clark, A., (2019). Biometric Recognition Systems Based on SVMpca and SVMpca,lda Techniques
Rahman, A., Clift, LG. and Clark, AF., (2019). Comparing Gestural Interfaces using Kinect and OpenPose
Clift, LG., Lepley, J., Hagras, H. and Clark, A., (2018).
Kyle-Davidson, CP. and Clark, AF., (2018). Neural Network Components for Evolved Vision Systems
Basbrain, AM., Gan, JQ., Sugimoto, A. and Clark, A., (2018). A Neural Network Approach to Score Fusion for Emotion Recognition
Azeez, N., Al-Taie, I., Yahya, W., Basbrain, A. and Clark, A., (2018). Regional Agricultural Land Texture Classification Based on GLCMs, SVM and Decision Tree Induction Techniques
Clift, LG. and Clark, AF., (2017). Video frame extraction for 3D reconstruction
Basbrain, AM., Gan, JQ. and Clark, A., (2017).
Basbrain, AM., Al-Taie, I., Azeez, N., Gan, JQ. and Clark, A., (2017). Shallow convolutional neural network for eyeglasses detection in facial images
Al-Taie, I., Azeez, N., Basbrain, A. and Clark, A., (2017). The Effect of Distance Similarity Measures on the Performance of Face, Ear and Palm Biometric Systems
Yimyam, P. and Clark, AF., (2016).
Clift, LG. and Clark, AF., (2015). Determining positions and distances using collaborative robots
Ehsan, S., Clark, AF., Ferrarini, B., Rehman, NU. and McDonald-Maier, KD., (2015).
Ehsan, S., Clark, AF., Cheung, WM., Bais, AM., Menzat, BI., Kanwal, N. and McDonald-Maier, K., (2014).
Bostanci, E., Kanwal, N. and Clark, AF., (2013).
Yimyam, P. and Clark, AF., (2013).
Bostanci, E., Clark, AF. and Kanwal, N., (2012). Vision-based User Tracking for Outdoor Augmented Reality
Yimyam, P. and Clark, AF., (2012). Agricultural produce grading by computer vision using Genetic Programming
Bostanci, E., Kanwal, N. and Clark, AF., (2012). Extracting planar features from Kinect sensor
Bostanci, E., Clark, AF. and Kanwal, N., (2012). Vision-based user tracking for outdoor augmented reality
Bostanci, E., Kanwal, N. and Clark, AF., (2012).
Kanwal, N., Ehsan, S., Bostanci, E. and Clark, AF., (2011). A statistical approach for comparing the performances of corner detectors
Kanwal, N., Ehsan, S. and Clark, AF., (2011).
Bostanci Erkan and Clark Adrian F., (2011).
Ehsan, S., Kanwal, N., Clark, AF. and McDonald-Maier, K., (2011).
Kanwal, N., Ehsan, S., Bostanci, E. and Clark, AF., (2011).
Al-Muhairi, H., Fleury, M. and Clark, AF., (2011).
Clark, AF., Woods, JC. and Oechsle, O., (2010).
Ehsan, S., Clark, AF. and McDonald-Maier, KD., (2010).
Almuhairi, H., Fleury, M. and Clark, AF., (2010).
Pagonis, J. and Clark, AF., (2010).
Ehsan, S., Kanwal, N., Bostanci, E., Clark, A. and McDonald-Maier, K., (2010).
Almuhairi, H., Fleury, M. and Clark, AF., (2009).
Ehsan, S., Clark, AF. and McDonald-Maier, KD., (2009).
Oechsle, O. and Clark, AF., (2008).
Al-Muhairi, H., Fleury, M. and Clark, AF., (2007). Computationally Efficient Quantitative Testing of Image Segmentation with a Genetic Algorithm
Al-Muhairi, H., Fleury, M. and Clark, AF., (2007). A computationally efficient evaluation environment for image segmentation
Holland, O., Woods, J., De Nardi, R. and Clar, A., (2005). Beyond swarm intelligence: the ultraswarm
Johnston, DJ. and Clark, AF., (2003). A Vision-Based Location System Using Fiducials
Moxey, CE., Noakes, PD. and Clark, AF., (2002). Large-scale scene reconstruction using periscopic stereo
Lincoln, MC. and Clark, AF., (2001). Pose-Independent Face Identification from Video Sequences
Al-Qayedi, AM. and Clark, AF., (2000). Constant-rate eye tracking and animation for model-based-coded video
Lincoln, MC. and Clark, AF., (2000). Towards pose-independent face recognition
Al-Qayedi, A., (1999). An algorithm for face and facial-feature location based on grey-scale information and facial geometry
Sarvan, N., (1999). Analysis Prediction Template Toolkit (APTT) for real-time image processing
Fleury, M., Downton, AC. and Clark, AF., (1999). Parallel Structure in an Integrated Speech-Recognition Network
Newman, NJ. and Clark, AF., (1999). Sulawesi: a wearable application integration framework
Martin, P., Callaghan, V. and Clark, A., (1999). High performance distributed objects using caching proxies for large scale applications
Durrant, R., Sweeney, J., Fleury, M., Downton, AC. and Clark, AE., (1999). Providing structure for medium-grained distributed object-based computation
Carson, JA. and Clark, AF., (1999). Multicast shared virtual worlds using VRML97
Fleury, M., Sarvan, N., Downton, AC. and Clark, AF., (1998). A parallel-system design toolset for vision and image processing
Chan, SW., (1997). Periscopic stereo for virtual world creation
Fleury, M., Sava, H., Downton, AC. and Clark, AF., (1997). Real-time parallel image-processing model
Sava, H., (1997). Fast implementation of discrete wavelet transform based on pipeline processor farming
Fleury, M., Downton, AC. and Clark, AF., (1997). Karhünen-Loève transform: An exercise in simple image-processing parallel pipelines
Clark, C., (1997). Automatic spectral classification of imaging spectrometer data
Wang, Q., (1995). Pyramidal coding of super high definition images
Clark, AF. and Kokuer, M., (1994). A model-based codec with potential for deaf communication
CLARK, AF. and CHAN, SW., (1994). SINGLE-CAMERA COMPUTATIONAL STEREO USING A ROTATING MIRROR
Fleury, M. and Clark, AE., (1994). Performance prediction for parallel reconfigurable low-level image processing
Clark, C., Cañas, T. and Clark, A., (1994). Determination of ozone temperature by neural network
Clark, AF. and Kokuer, M., (1992). Feature identification and model tracking for model-based coding
Clark, AF., (1992). Image processing and interchange: the imaging model
Grants and funding
2024
Sortflow AI Mapper Scoping Project - Innovation Voucher
Sortflow Limited
2023
Light Intensity for Optimal Growth in a Vertical Farming Environment
ÌÇÐÄVlog (BBSRC IAA)
2021
Railscape Limited KTP Application (2021)
Innovate UK (formerly Technology Strategy Board)
2020
Exploration of iOS development techniques to expand the available market of an AR application
Rise AR
2019
Immersive Content solution creation for Asset Management industry
ÌÇÐÄVlog (EIRA/Research England)
Developing prototype VOC sensor-based products for determining soil health on-farm
Innovate UK (formerly Technology Strategy Board)
2018
Rebuilding Coral Reef Ecosystems with 3D Printing
ÌÇÐÄVlog
Rebuilding Coral Reef Ecosystems with 3D Printing
ÌÇÐÄVlog
Rebuilding Coral Reef Ecosystems with 3D Printing
ÌÇÐÄVlog
2017
Automatic intergration of new sensor capabilities by genetic programming - ACC102137
Ministry Of Defence
Visual classification & tagging, and delivering this ability into the hands of the domain experts.
Innovate UK (formerly Technology Strategy Board)
2016
67% - The development of a commercially available Software Development Kit (SDK) that enables Augmented Reality (AR) developers to produce geo-located AR solutions for their clients.
Technology STrategy Board
33% - The development of a commercially available Software Development Kit (SDK) that enables Augmented Reality (AR) developers to produce geo-located AR solutions for their clients.
CGEye Ltd
2015
30% To develop computational intelligence based machine vision tools for dealing with uncertainty in descision making systems
Technology STrategy Board
70% To develop computational intelligence based machine vision tools for dealing with uncertainty in descision making systems
Leonardo MW Ltd
2013
50% To develop and market a cost effective absolute camera pedestal positioning system for television studios
Technology STrategy Board
50% To develop and market a cost effective absolute camera pedestal positioning system for television studios
Vitec Videocom Ltd
Contact
Academic support hours:
Spring term 2023-24: Thursdays 09:00-11:00 It's a good idea to email me first as I often end up going to a software lab to help people with their problems.