Prof Paul Hibbard

-
Email
phibbard@essex.ac.uk -
Location
Colchester Campus
Profile
Biography
My research investigates how we encode and process visual information to create our experience of living in a three-dimensional world. This research is used in the development of virtual and augmented reality, and particular in the creation of assistive technology for people with visual impairments. It is also applied in the development of neural network models of visual processing, and in the understanding of the sensory basis of migraine.
Research and professional activities
Research interests
binocular vision
image statistics
visual discomfort
virtual and augmented reality
sensory processing in migraine
Teaching and supervision
Previous supervision

Degree subject: Psychology
Degree type: Doctor of Philosophy
Awarded date: 9/5/2025

Degree subject: Psychology
Degree type: Doctor of Philosophy
Awarded date: 5/12/2023

Degree subject: Psychology
Degree type: Doctor of Philosophy
Awarded date: 4/7/2022

Degree subject: Psychology
Degree type: Doctor of Philosophy
Awarded date: 12/8/2019

Degree subject: Psychology
Degree type: Doctor of Philosophy
Awarded date: 8/7/2019

Degree subject: Psychology
Degree type: Doctor of Philosophy
Awarded date: 15/4/2019

Degree subject: Psychology
Degree type: Master of Science (by Dissertation)
Awarded date: 14/12/2016
Publications
Publications (1)
Webb, A., Hibbard, P., Dawson, J., van Dam, L., Asher, JM. and Parker, LK., (2023). sychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts Immersive-360掳 theatre: user experience in the virtual auditorium and platform efficacy for current and underserved audiences
Journal articles (107)
Hibbard, P., Hornsey, R. and Scarfe, P., Size and Shape Constancy in Consumer Virtual Reality. Behavior Research Methods
Ranson, R., Scarfe, P., Van Dam, L. and Hibbard, P., (2025). Depth constancy and the absolute vergence anomaly. Vision Research. 226, 108501-108501
Asher, JM., Hibbard, PB. and Webb, ALM., (2025). Perceived intrinsic 3D shape of faces is robust to changes in lighting direction, image rotation and polarity inversion. Vision Research. 227, 108535-108535
Webb, A., Hibbard, P., Dawson, J., Van Dam, L., Asher, J. and Kellgren-Parker, L., (2024). . Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts
Hornsey, RL. and Hibbard, PB., (2024). Distance mis-estimations can be reduced with specific shadow locations. Scientific Reports. 14 (1), 9566-
Hornsey, RL. and Hibbard, PB., (2024). Current Perceptions of Virtual Reality Technology. Applied Sciences. 14 (10), 4222-4222
O鈥橦are, L. and Hibbard, PB., (2024). Support for the efficient coding account of visual discomfort. Visual Neuroscience. 41, E008-
Hibbard, P., Goutcher, R., Hornsey, R., Hunter, D. and Scarfe, P., (2023). . Royal Society Open Science. 10 (2), 220567-
O鈥橦are, L., Tarasi, L., Asher, JM., Hibbard, PB. and Romei, V., (2023). Excitation-Inhibition Imbalance in Migraine: From Neurotransmitters to Brain Oscillations. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 24 (12), 10093-10093
Kingdom, FAA., Read, JCA., Hibbard, PB. and May, KA., (2022). Special issue: Coding strategies in binocular vision and stereopsis. Vision Research. 193, 107989-107989
Webb, A., Hibbard, P. and Asher, J., (2022). . Vision Research. 198, 108054-108054
Chiappini, E., Sel, A., Hibbard, P., Avenanti, A. and Romei, V., (2022). . Current Biology. 32 (18), 4064-4070.e3
Hibbard, P. and Asher, J., (2022). . PLoS One. 17 (9), e0274566-e0274566
Asher, JM. and Hibbard, PB., (2022). . Vision. 6 (4), 67-67
Hibbard, P., Hornsey, R. and Asher, J., (2022). Binocular Information Improves the Reliability and Consistency of Pictorial Relief. Vision. 7 (1), 1-1
Hornsey, R. and Hibbard, P., (2021). . Virtual Reality. 25 (4), 1087-1103
O鈥橦are, L., Asher, JM. and Hibbard, PB., (2021). . Vision. 5 (2), 30-30
Asher, J., O'Hare, L. and Hibbard, P., (2021). . Vision. 5 (2), 32-32
Goutcher, R., Barrington, C., Hibbard, P. and Graham, B., (2021). . Journal of Vision. 21 (7), 13-13
Kingdom, FAA., Yared, K-C., Hibbard, PB. and May, KA., (2020). . Vision Research. 166, 60-71
Hibbard, P., Hornsey, R. and Scarfe, P., (2020). . Behavior Research Methods. 52 (4), 1587-1598
Goutcher, R. and Hibbard, PB., (2020). . Journal of Vision. 20 (2), 1-18
Webb, ALM., Hibbard, PB. and O'Gorman, R., (2020). . PLoS One. 15 (6), e0234513-e0234513
Asher, JM. and Hibbard, PB., (2020). . Vision Research. 176, 100-117
Webb, ALM. and Hibbard, PB., (2020). . Scientific Reports. 10 (1), 17427-
Asher, J., Romei, V. and Hibbard, P., (2019). . Vision. 3 (3), 44-44
Webb, ALM. and Hibbard, PB., (2019). . PLoS One. 14 (11), e0205621-e0205621
Aldrich, A., Hibbard, P. and Wilkins, A., (2019). . Vision. 3 (4), 62-62
Hunter, DW. and Hibbard, PB., (2018). . Scientific Reports. 8 (1), 449-
Webb, ALM., Hibbard, PB. and O'Gorman, R., (2018). . Royal Society Open Science. 5 (2), 171566-171566
Chiappini, E., Silvanto, J., Hibbard, PB., Avenanti, A. and Romei, V., (2018). . Current Biology. 28 (13), R735-R736
Asher, J., O鈥橦are, L., Romei, V. and Hibbard, P., (2018). . Vision. 2 (1), 7-7
Asher, JM. and Hibbard, PB., (2018). . Scientific Reports. 8 (1), 14120-
Goutcher, R., Connolly, E. and Hibbard, PB., (2018). . Journal of Vision. 18(12) (13), 1-15
Beattie, L., Curran, W., Benton, CP., Harris, JM. and Hibbard, PB., (2017). . Royal Society Open Science. 4 (3), 160928-160928
Hibbard, PB., Haines, AE. and Hornsey, RL., (2017). . Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications. 2 (25), 25-
Jonas, C., Spiller, MJ., Hibbard, PB. and Proulx, M., (2017). . Multisensory Research. 30 (6), 461-466
Jonas, C., Spiller, MJ. and Hibbard, P., (2017). . Psychonomic Bulletin and Review. 24 (4), 1104-1112
Hunter, DW. and Hibbard, PB., (2017). The threshold of binocularity: natural image statistics explain the reduction of visual acuity in peripheral vision
Hunter, DW. and Hibbard, PB., (2016). . PloS One. 11 (3), e0150117-e0150117
Romei, V., Chiappini, E., Hibbard, PB. and Avenanti, A., (2016). . Current Biology. 26 (16), 2155-2160
Hornsey, RL., Hibbard, PB. and Scarfe, P., (2016). . PLoS ONE. 11 (11), e0165932-e0165932
O'Hare, L. and Hibbard, PB., (2016). . Cephalalgia. 36 (11), 1057-1076
Hibbard, PB., Goutcher, R. and Hunter, DW., (2016). . Vision Research. 120, 108-120
Curran, W., Benton, CP., Harris, JM., Hibbard, PB. and Beattie, L., (2016). . Journal of Vision. 16 (5), 4-4
Curran, W., Benton, CP., Harris, JM., Hibbard, PB. and Beattie, L., (2016). Adapting to time: Duration channels do not mediate human time perception. Journal of Vision. 16 (5), creators-Hibbard=3APaul_B=3A=3A
Jonas, CN. and Hibbard, PB., (2015). . Perception. 44 (10), 1179-1202
Hibbard, PB. and O'Hare, L., (2015). . Royal Society Open Science. 2 (2), 140535-140535
Zhang, T., O鈥檋are, L., Hibbard, PB., Nefs, HT. and Heynderickx, I., (2015). . ACM Transactions on Applied Perception. 11 (4), 1-18
Hunter, DW. and Hibbard, PB., (2015). . Journal of Vision. 15 (13), 6-6
Hunter, DW. and Hibbard, PB., (2015). Distribution of independent components of binocular natural images. Journal of Vision. 15 (6)
Goutcher, R. and Hibbard, PB., (2014). . Frontiers in Psychology. 4 (JAN), 1014-
Hibbard, PB., Scott-Brown, KC., Haigh, EC. and Adrain, M., (2014). . PLoS ONE. 9 (1), e84087-e84087
Hunter, D. and Hibbard, P., (2014). . Journal of Vision. 14 (10), 973-973
Hibbard, PB., Scott-Brown, KC., Haigh, EC. and Adrain, M., (2014). Depth Perception Not Found in Human Observers for Static or Dynamic Anti-Correlated Random Dot Stereograms. PloS One. 9 (1), creators-Hibbard=3APaul_B=3A=3A
Scarfe, P. and Hibbard, PB., (2013). . Vision Research. 86, 115-127
O'Hare, L., Zhang, T., Nefs, HT. and Hibbard, PB., (2013). . i-Perception. 4 (3), 156-169
O'Hare, L., Clarke, ADF. and Hibbard, PB., (2013). . Perception. 42 (1), 1-15
O'Hare, L. and Hibbard, PB., (2013). . Journal of Vision. 13 (5), 7-7
Vishwanath, D. and Hibbard, PB., (2013). . Psychological Science. 24 (9), 1673-1685
Hibbard, PB., (2013). Review: Sensory Cue Integration. Perception. 42 (4), 477-479
Harris, JM., Chopin, A., Zeiner, K. and Hibbard, PB., (2012). . Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 65 (1), 73-91
Bannerman, RL., Hibbard, PB., Chalmers, K. and Sahraie, A., (2012). . Emotion. 12 (6), 1384-1392
May, KA., Zhaoping, L. and Hibbard, PB., (2012). . Current Biology. 22 (1), 28-32
Hibbard, PB., Goutcher, R., O鈥橩ane, LM. and Scarfe, P., (2012). . Vision Research. 70, 34-43
O鈥橦are, L. and Hibbard, PB., (2011). . Vision Research. 51 (15), 1767-1777
Martinovic, J., Mordal, J. and Wuerger, SM., (2011). . Journal of Vision. 11 (7), 1-1
Keefe, BD., Hibbard, PB. and Watt, SJ., (2011). . Neuropsychologia. 49 (5), 1246-1257
Martinovic, J., Mordal, J. and Wuerger, SM., (2011). Event-related potentials reveal an early advantage for luminance contours in the processing of objects.. Journal of vision. 11 (7), 1-
Scarfe, P. and Hibbard, PB., (2011). Statistically optimal integration of biased sensory estimates. Journal of Vision. 11 (7), 12-12
Scarfe, P. and Johnston, A., (2011). Global motion coherence can influence the representation of ambiguous local motion. Journal of Vision. 11 (12), 6-6
O鈥橩ane, LM. and Hibbard, PB., (2010). . Vision Research. 50 (11), 1095-1100
Mon-Williams, M., Murphy, S. and Hibbard, P., (2010). The tactics and timing of smooth corrections in human arm movements. Journal of Vision. 3 (9), 388-388
Sahraie, A., Hibbard, PB., Trevethan, CT., Ritchie, KL. and Weiskrantz, L., (2010). . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (49), 21217-21222
Goutcher, R. and Hibbard, PB., (2010). . Journal of Vision. 10 (12), 35-35
Hibbard, PB., (2010). Integration and segmentation of opposite contrast polarities in the perception of motion. Journal of Vision. 2 (7), 396-396
Goutcher, R. and Hibbard, PB., (2010). Evidence for relative disparity matching in the perception of an ambiguous stereogram. Journal of Vision. 10 (12), 35-35
Hibbard, PB., (2008). . Vision Research. 48 (12), 1427-1439
Hibbard, P., (2008). . Spatial Vision. 21 (6), 549-559
Hibbard, PB., (2008). Binocular energy responses to natural images. VISION RESEARCH. 48 (12), 1427-1439
Curran, W., Hibbard, PB. and Johnston, A., (2007). . Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 274 (1613), 1049-1057
O'Kane, LM. and Hibbard, PB., (2007). . Perception. 36 (5), 696-702
Hibbard, PB., (2007). . Visual Cognition. 15 (2), 149-165
Bradshaw, MF., Hibbard, PB., Parton, AD., Rose, D. and Langley, K., (2006). . Vision Research. 46 (17), 2636-2644
Hibbard, PB. and Bradshaw, MF., (2006). . Perception. 35 (10), 1297-1305
Scarfe, P. and Hibbard, PB., (2006). . Vision Research. 46 (10), 1599-1610
Hibbard, PB., (2005). . Vision Research. 45 (21), 2780-2785
Bouzit, S. and Hibbard, P., (2005). . Spatial Vision. 18 (4), 399-411
Watt, S., Elliott, K., Bradshaw, M., Simpson, PJ., Davies, I. and Hibbard, P., (2004). . Spatial Vision. 17 (1-2), 95-110
Bradshaw, MF., Elliott, KM., Watt, SJ., Hibbard, PB., Davies, IRL. and Simpson, PJ., (2004). Binocular cues and the control of prehension. Spatial vision. 17 (1-2), 95-110
Hibbard, PB. and Bradshaw, MF., (2003). . Experimental Brain Research. 148 (2), 196-201
Rose, D., Bradshaw, MF. and Hibbard, PB., (2003). . Perception. 32 (5), 635-640
Bradshaw, MF. and Hibbard, PB., (2003). Reaching for virtual objects: binocular disparity, retinal motion and the control of prehension. Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia. 66 (5), 53-61
Bradshaw, M. and Hibbard, P., (2002). . Spatial Vision. 15 (2), 205-217
Hibbard, P., Simpson, PJ. and Bradshaw, M., (2002). . Spatial Vision. 15 (4), 443-458
Bradshaw, MF., Hibbard, PB. and Gillam, B., (2002). . Perception & Psychophysics. 64 (1), 32-40
Hibbard, PB., Bradshaw, MF., Langley, K. and Rogers, BJ., (2002). . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 28 (2), 469-476
Hibbard, PB., Bradshaw, MF., Langley, K. and Rogers, BJ., (2002). The stereoscopic ansiotropy: Individual differences and underlying mechanisms.. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 28 (2), 469-476
Hibbard, PB., Bradshaw, MF. and Eagle, RA., (2000). Cue combination in the motion correspondence problem. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 267 (1450), 1369-1374
Langley, K., Fleet, DJ. and Hibbard, PB., (1999). . Vision Research. 39 (14), 2313-2324
Hibbard, PB., Bradshaw, MF. and DeBruyn, B., (1999). . Vision Research. 39 (5), 961-974
Everatt, J., Bradshaw, MF. and Hibbard, PB., (1999). . Perception. 28 (2), 243-254
Hibbard, PB. and Bradshaw, MF., (1999). . Perception. 28 (2), 183-191
Hibbard, PB. and Langley, K., (1998). . Vision Research. 38 (8), 1073-1084
Langley, K., Fleet, DJ. and Hibbard, PB., (1998). . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 265 (1408), 1837-1845
Bradshaw, MF. and Hibbard, PB., (1998). Depth Perception. Perception. 27 (11), 1263-1265
Langley, K., Fleet, DJ. and Hibbard, PB., (1996). . Current Biology. 6 (7), 891-896
Book chapters (2)
Hibbard, P., (2023). Virtual Reality for Vision Science. In: Virtual Reality in Behavioral Neuroscience: New Insights and Methods. Editors: Maymon, C., Grimshaw, G. and Wu, Y., . Springer. 131- 159. 9783031429941
Everatt, J., Bradshaw, MF. and Hibbard, PB., (1998). . In: Eye Guidance in Reading and Scene Perception. Editors: Underwood, G., . Elsevier. 223- 242. 978-0-08-043361-5
Conferences (57)
Swingler, K., Rumble, T., Goutcher, R., Hibbard, P., Donoghue, M. and Harvey, D., (2024). Combined Depth and Semantic Segmentation from Synthetic Data and a W-Net Architecture
Hibbard, PB. and Asher, J., (2023). The role of non-physical disparities in understanding binocular depth perception
Stephens, JR., Hibbard, PB. and van Dam, LCJ., (2022). Computer cursor appearance in pointing tasks: the effect of cursor size
Hibbard, PB., (2021). Estimating the contributions of pictorial, motion and binocular cues to the perception of distance
Webb, A., Hibbard, PB. and van Dam, LCJ., (2021). Presence in an immersive-360 theatre auditorium: the influence of immersion, emotional arousal, and overall experience enjoyment
Asher, JM., Vigh, G. and Hibbard, PB., (2021). Augmenting reality for visual field loss: integrating overlayed information to increase the field of view, a pilot study
Stephens, JR., Hibbard, PB. and van Dam, LCJ., (2021). Computer cursor orientation affects both pointing behaviour and the sense of agency in a target pointing task
Van Dam, LCJ., Webb, ALM., Jarvis, L., Linley, M. and Hibbard, PB., (2020).
Hibbard, P., Van Dam, L. and Scarfe, P., (2020).
Hibbard, P., Webb, A., Linley, M. and Van Dam, L., (2019). Combining Virtual Reality and Traditional Story Telling in 鈥淭he Mystery of the Raddlesham Mumps鈥: A case study.
Asher, J. and Hibbard, P., (2019). The effect of feedback and stimulus presentation protocol on perceptual learning for local and global motion and form
Hughes, R., Scarfe, P., Hibbard, P. and Van Dam, L., (2018). Perception of Object Movement in Virtual Reality
Webb, ALM., Hibbard, PB. and O'Gorman, R., (2017). The Effect of Emotional Expression on the Luminance Contrast of Faces
Asher, JM., O'Hare, L., Romei, V. and Hibbard, PB., (2017). Normal Lateral Interactions, but Increased Contrast Sensitivity, in Migraine With Aura
Hibbard, PB., Hornsey, RL. and Khan, NZ., (2017). The Contribution of Binocular and Motion Cues to Depth Quality in Complex Naturalistic Scenes
Asher, J., Romei, V. and Hibbard, P., (2017). External Reinforcement Is Needed for Perceptual Learning of Global Motion
Hunter, DW. and Hibbard, PB., (2016). When does an encoding become a percept?
Asher, JM., Romei, V. and Hibbard, PB., (2016). Perceptual learning for global motion is tuned for spatial frequency
Hibbard, PB. and Goutcher, R., (2016). The Extraction of Disparity- Defined Structure Using Cyclopean Filtering
Webb, AL. and Hibbard, PB., (2016). The threat bias for fearful expressions is evident in apparent contrast
Hibbard, PB., Scarfe, P., Goutcher, R. and Hunter, DW., (2015). Optimal encoding of binocular images by cortical neurons
Hornsey, RL., Hibbard, PB. and Scarfe, P., (2015).
Hornsey, RL. and Hibbard, PB., (2015).
Haines, AE., Hornsey, RL. and Hibbard, PB., (2015).
Hunter, DW., Goutcher, R. and Hibbard, PB., (2015). Towards a biologically plausible model of binocular disparity encoding
Webb, A., Hibbard, P. and O'Gorman, R., (2015). Variation in female reproductive hormones does not affect contrast sensitivity
Wilkins, AJ. and Hibbard, PB., (2014).
O'Hare, L., Clarke, A. and Hibbard, PB., (2013). Modelling Responses to Uncomfortable Images
Clarke, A., O'Hare, L. and Hibbard, PB., (2013). Rating Riloids: the effect of curvature and luminance frequency on visual discomfort
Hibbard, PB. and Scott-Brown, KC., (2013). Surface slant can be perceived from orientation disparities
Goutcher, R., Hunter, DW. and Hibbard, PB., (2013). Tuned Inhibitory Responses in Binocular Natural Images
Hunter, DW. and Hibbard, PB., (2013). Statistics of Natural Binocular Images
O'Hare, L. and Hibbard, PB., (2012). A Wider Look at Visual Discomfort
Curran, W., Benton, CP., Hibbard, PB. and Harris, JM., (2012). Testing the channel-based model of duration perception
O'Hare, L. and Hibbard, PB., (2011). Visual discomfort and blur
Goutcher, R. and Hibbard, PB., (2011). What does a decorrelated stereogram look like?
O'Hare, L. and Hibbard, PB., (2011). Visual discomfort and blur
Hibbard, PB., Scott-Brown, K., Haigh, E. and Adrain, M., (2011). No evidence for the perception of depth in anticorrelated random dot stereograms in a large number of observers
Sahraie, A., Trevethan, CT., Ritchie, KL., Macleod, M-J., Hibbard, PB. and Weiskrantz, L., (2011). Awareness of visual targets within the field defect of hemianopic patients
O'Hare, L. and Hibbard, PB., (2010). Visual discomfort and spatial frequency
May, KA., Zhaoping, L. and Hibbard, PB., (2010). Binocular integration in human vision adapts to maximize information coding efficiency
Scarfe, P. and Hibbard, PB., (2006). Viewing an object from above: The role of height in the visual field and object contour in the perception of 3-D shape
Goutcher, R. and Hibbard, PB., (2006). Perception of multi-stable stereograms
Hibbard, PB., Scarfe, P. and Watt, SJ., (2006). Integration of information across the visual scene in the control of prehension
Scarfe, P. and Hibbard, PB., (2005). Perceptual distortions of three-dimensional shape are consistent between stationary and moving objects
Hibbard, PB. and Harris, JM., (2005). Spatial variation in the statistics of binocular disparity
Hibbard, PB., (2004). Redundancy in natural binocular images
Scarfe, P. and Hibbard, PB., (2004). Noise in horizontal-disparity and vergence signals predicts systematic distortions in the estimation of shape
Rose, D., Bradshaw, MF. and Hibbard, PB., (2004). Do depth aftereffects arise pre-attentively?
Hibbard, PB., (2003). Orientation bandwidths of cyclopean channels measured with the use of notched noise
Hibbard, PB., (2002). The independent components of binocular images
O'Kane, LM. and Hibbard, PB., (2002). Vertical-disparity pooling across spatially segregated surfaces
Watt, SJ., Bradshaw, MF., Hibbard, PB., Davies, IRL., Stringer, NS. and Willis, AR., (2001). <title>Can observers exploit enhanced motion parallax to control reaching movements within telepresence environments?</title>
Willis, AR., Bradshaw, MF., Hibbard, PB., Stringer, NS., Davies, IRL. and Watt, SJ., (2001). <title>Can telepresent observers learn to take account of enhanced binocular disparities?</title>
Bradshaw, MF., Hibbard, PB., van der Willigen, R., Watt, SJ., Davies, IRL., Stringer, NS., Beagley, N. and Willis, AR., (2000). Can observers exploit enhanced-disparity information to control reaching movements within telepresence environments?
Frisby, JP., Catherall, C., Porrill, J. and Buckley, D., (1997). Sequential Stereopsis Demonstrated with High-Bandpass Spatial-Frequency Filtered Textures
Lankheet, MJM. and Palmen, M., (1996). Stereoscopic Transparency and Segregation in Depth
Reports and Papers (1)
Webb, ALM. and Hibbard, PB., (2018). The effect of facial expression on contrast sensitivity: a behavioural investigation and extension of Hedger, Garner, & Adams (2015)
Grants and funding
2023
Invitation to Tender: Project Insight
London Metropolitan Police - Covert Policing Command
2022
Thomas Thomas Films KTP Application (The Wayback) - Dec 2021 deadline
Innovate UK (formerly Technology Strategy Board)
EO Image Processing: Robust Deep Networks for Depth Sensing and Scene Understanding
Ministry of Defence
Improving Sensory Performance with Machine Vision Enabled Multi-Sensory Augmented Reality
Ministry of Defence
2021
Deep Learning for Depth-Based Image Segmentation
Defence and Security Accelerator
Mind Suffolk EIRA Workshop
University of Suffolk
2019
Augmented Reality for Visual Impairment
Enabling Innovation: Research to Application
2016
Integrating the senses in virtual reality
Oculus VR LLC
Depth-cue combination in complex natural scenes
Leverhulme Trust
2014
3D vision in complext natural scenes
The British Academy
2013
Learning to see in depth: Neural models of binocular stereopsis
Biotechnology & Biology Science Res.Council
1900
MIND E LEARNING PLATFORM
Enabling Innovation: Research to Application